L'azione risarcitoria come strumento di private enforcement della disciplina di diritto dell'UE sugli aiuti di Stato

[Autom. eng. transl.] 1. The obligation to pay compensation for breach of EU law and its possible relevance to state aid. - 2. Hypothesis of civil responsibility of the beneficiary: some appropriate clarifications. - 3. The object of the compensation action against the State and its possible "accumulation" with the direct effect of the art. 108.3 TFEU. - 4. Procedural autonomy and common substantive conditions of compensation protection. - 5. The condition of granting rights to individuals: some concerns with reference to art. 108.3 TFEU. - 6. The sufficiently characterized nature of the infringement and the foreseeable exceptions in the field of aid. - 7. Evaluation of causation; the relevance of the market structure and of Commission decisions (negative or positive). - 8. Various hypotheses of reparable damages and contradictory on the matter of proof; a comment on the Commission's cooperation with national judges. - 9. Damages due to failure or delay in the execution of a recovery decision (and the hypothesis of a provisional recovery order). - 10. The (problematic) action against the State by the beneficiary required to return the illegal aid. - 11. Compensation actions by subjects who do not operate in the sector of disbursement of illegal aid.